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The dazed and confused identity of Agassiz’s land tortoise, Gopherus agassizii (Testudines: Testudinidae) with the description of a new species and its consequences for conservation
Robert Murphy,Kristin Berry,Taylor Edwards,Alan Leviton
ZooKeys , 2011, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.113.1353
Abstract: We investigate a cornucopia of problems associated with the identity of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizii Cooper. The date of publication is found to be 1861, rather than 1863. Only one of the three original cotypes exists, and it is designated as the lectotype of the species. Another cotype is found to have been destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and subsequent fire. The third is lost. The lectotype is genetically confirmed to be from California, and not Arizona, USA as sometimes reported. Maternally, the holotype of G. lepidocephalus Ottley et Velázques Solis, 1989 from the Cape Region of Baja California Sur, Mexico is also from the Mojavian population of the desert tortoise, and not from Tiburon Island, Sonora, Mexico as previously proposed. A suite of characters serve to diagnose tortoises west and north of the Colorado River, the Mojavian population, from those east and south of the river in Arizona, USA and Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico, the Sonoran population. Species recognition is warranted and because G. lepidocephalus is from the Mojavian population no names are available for the Sonoran species. Thus, a new species, Gopherus morafkai sp. n., is named and this action reduces the distribution of G. agassizii to only 30% of its former range. This reduction has important implications for the conservation and protection of G. agassizii, which may deserve a higher level of protection.
Observational Evidence for a Dark Side to NGC5128's Globular Cluster System
Matthew Taylor,Thomas Puzia,Matias Gomez,Kristin Woodley
Physics , 2015, DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/805/1/65
Abstract: We present a study of the dynamical properties of 125 compact stellar systems (CSSs) in the nearby giant elliptical galaxy NGC5128, using high-resolution spectra (R 26,000) obtained with VLT/FLAMES. Our results provide evidence for a new type of star cluster, based on the CSS dynamical mass scaling relations. All radial velocity (v_r) and line-of-sight velocity dispersion (sigma_los) measurements are performed with the penalized pixel fitting (ppxf) technique, which provided sigma_ppxf estimates for 115 targets. The sigma_ppxf estimates are corrected to the 2D projected half-light radii, sigma_{1/2}, as well as the cluster cores, sigma_0, accounting for observational/aperture effects and are combined with structural parameters, from high spatial resolution imaging, in order to derive total dynamical masses (M_dyn) for 112 members of NGC5128's star cluster system. In total, 89 CSSs have dynamical masses measured for the first time along with the corresponding dynamical mass-to-light ratios (Upsilon_V^dyn). We find two distinct sequences in the Upsilon_V^dyn - M_dyn plane, which are well approximated by power laws of the forms Upsilon_V^dyn M_dyn^0.33+\-0.04 and Upsilon_V^dyn - M_dyn^0.79+\-0.04. The shallower sequence corresponds to the very bright tail of the globular cluster luminosity function (GCLF), while the steeper relation appears to be populated by a distinct group of objects which require significant dark gravitating components such as central massive black holes and/or exotically concentrated dark matter distributions. This result would suggest that the formation and evolution of these CSSs are markedly different from the "classical" globular clusters in NGC5128 and the Local Group, despite the fact that these clusters have luminosities similar to the GCLF turn-over magnitude. We include a thorough discussion of myriad factors potentially influencing our measurements.
Postpartum Depression: Balancing Continuity and Change in Designing Interventions
Amélie Quesnel-Vallée,Kristin Hadfield,Miles Taylor
- , 2019, DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2018.304756
Abstract:
Patient’s Experience of the Outcomes of Engaging in a Broadly Applicable Health Promotion Intervention for Individuals Facing Chronic Illness  [PDF]
Kristin Heggdal
Health (Health) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/health.2015.76091
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the health-related outcomes of a new health promotion intervention designed to be broadly applicable among people diagnosed with chronic illness. Qualitative process analysis was applied and a purposeful sample of 52 patients, representing a variety of long-term conditions, was invited to participate in the pilot-implementation and evaluation of the program. Participants attended individually or in groups in seven sessions held over a six-month period. A lay-based conceptual framework that revealed the bodily knowledge of patients with chronic illness as a resource for health was used as the frame for the program content and interdisciplinary health professionals who had undergone 80 hours of training led the program. The pedagogical approaches were varied in order to engage patients in health promotion work. In-depth evaluation interviews took place soon after program completion and data were analyzed in-depth by means of content analysis in order to identify patterns of health-related themes and the program’s possible active ingredients. The intervention was implemented successfully across clinical sites and diagnostic categories. Participants reported improved ability to manage illness-related problems and greater awareness and utilization of personal resources for health after they had participated in the program. They were able to think more positively about their own capabilities, gained greater understanding of factors that made their health condition better or worse, and became more active. Participants identified empowerment and social participation as important outcomes of engaging in the new program.
Effects of Divorce Risk on Women’s Labor Supply and Human Capital Investment  [PDF]
Kristin Mammen
Psychology (PSYCH) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.611135
Abstract: This paper examines the effects of the divorce law liberalization of the early 1970s on the increase in divorce rates during the same time period. A review of the evidence suggests that the law changes were not a major driver of the divorce rates; but the policy changes appear to have affected behavior even for those who did not divorce. The results here suggest that as they saw the laws changing, young women in the divorce reform states redirected some of their investments from marriage to their own human capital. The perceived increase in the probability of divorce motivated women to improve their options outside of marriage.
Exenatide once weekly treatment maintained improvements in glycemic control and weight loss over 2 years
Kristin Taylor, Kate Gurney, Jenny Han, Richard Pencek, Brandon Walsh, Michael Trautmann
BMC Endocrine Disorders , 2011, DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-11-9
Abstract: A 2-stage protocol was used: patients received either exenatide QW (2 mg) or exenatide twice daily for 30 weeks (5 μg for the first 4 weeks and 10 μg thereafter), followed by 1.5 years of treatment with exenatide QW (2 mg), for a total of 2 years (104 weeks) of exenatide treatment. Of the 295 (intent-to-treat [ITT]) patients who entered the trial, 73% (n = 216) completed 2 years of treatment (completer population). Baseline characteristics (mean ± SE) for these patients were: A1C, 8.2 ± 0.1%; FPG, 168.4 ± 43.0 mg/dL; body weight, 101.1 ± 18.7 kg; and diabetes duration, 7 ± 5 years.In the completer population, significant improvements (LS mean ± SE [95% CI]) were maintained after 2 years of treatment in A1C (-1.71 ± 0.08% [-1.86 to -1.55%]), FPG (-40.1 ± 2.9 mg/dL [-45.7 to -34.5 mg/dL]), and body weight (-2.61 ± 0.52 kg [-3.64 to -1.58 kg]) compared with baseline. The percentages of patients who achieved an A1C of <7.0% and ≤6.5% at 2 years were 60% and 39%, respectively. A significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP; -3.0 ± 1.0 mmHg [-4.9 to -1.1 mmHg]) was maintained through 2 years of treatment. Serum lipid profiles were also significantly improved, including triglycerides (geometric LS mean change from baseline, -15 ± 2.7% [-21% to -10%]), total cholesterol (-8.6 ± 2.8 mg/dL [-14.0 to -3.1 mg/dL]), and low-density lipoproteins (-4.5 ± 2.2 mg/dL [-8.9 to -0.01 mg/dL]). Changes in A1C, body weight, FPG, SBP, and lipids in the ITT population were similar to those seen in the completer population. Nausea (predominantly mild in intensity) was the most common adverse event, although the frequency and intensity of nausea decreased over time. No severe hypoglycemia was observed.Exenatide QW was well tolerated during the 2-year treatment period. This study demonstrated sustained glucose control and weight loss throughout 2 years of treatment with exenatide QW.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00308139Type 2 diabetes is characterized by progressive insulin resistance and pa
Hybrid Online Delivery of a Pharmacy Residency and Fellowship Elective Course
Kristin M Janzen,Sarah A Nisly,Taylor D Steuber,Tracy L Sprunger
- , 2018, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v9i2.1147
Abstract: Abstract Objective: To describe and evaluate the transition of a pharmacy residency and fellowship (PRF) elective course to a hybrid online platform. Innovation: In 2016, the 1-credit hour PRF elective was transitioned from a live, synchronous course to a hybrid online platform. Over the course of the semester, students completed eight modules along with assignments that pertained to a different component of PRF. Course grades and evaluations, as well as PRF placement rates, were compared between 2015 (live, synchronous course) and 2016 (hybrid online course). There were no differences in overall course grades or student evaluations of individual relevant course objectives between the two course formats. However, more students rated the course as excellent during the 2015 live, synchronous course. Placement rates were similar between students who took the course in 2015 and 2016. Critical Analysis: Following the transition of a PRF elective to a hybrid online platform, course grades, evaluation of individual relevant course objectives, and PRF placement rates remained similar to previous years. Creative educational venues can help meet the student demand while simultaneously allowing faculty to manage their time. However, instructors should balance this with desire of students to have more face-to-face in class time. Type: Not
Evaluation of neonatally-induced mild diabetes in rats: Maternal and fetal repercussions
Isabela L Iessi, Aline Bueno, Yuri K Sinzato, Kristin N Taylor, Marilza VC Rudge, Débora C Damasceno
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome , 2010, DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-37
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insufficient insulin secretion, and receptor insensitivity to endogenous insulin. Its incidence is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates [1]. In pregnancies complicated by diabetes, hyperglycemia and alterations in lipid metabolism are associated with both maternal and fetal complications [2,3], causing reproductive abnormalities that enhance spontaneous abortion, congenital anomalies, and neonatal morbidity and mortality [4,5].Congenital anomalies are more common in infants of diabetic women than in children of nondiabetic women. The etiology, pathogenesis and prevention of diabetes-induced anomalies have spurred considerable clinical and basic research efforts. The infant of the diabetic mother also has increased risk for several neonatal complications, such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia. Up to 25% of such offspring have been reported with these complications. It also appears that early detection and subsequent strict metabolic control of pregnant women with diabetes in pregnancy should decrease the frequency and severity of some of these short- and long-term complications in the offspring of the diabetic mother [4].Despite increased clinical efforts to improve glycemic control during diabetic pregnancy, however, the rate of congenital malformations remains increased in studies of Diabetes mellitus (DM) of type 1 [6-9], DM type 2 [9-12], and gestational diabetes (GDM) [10,13]. The prevalence of major congenital malformations is approximately three to five times higher in infants of diabetic mothers [14-17] and is presently the most common cause of perinatal death among these infants [18,19]. Diabetes is associated with a variety of anomalies, primarily cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal [20]. The malformation considered to be most pathognomic to the infants of diabetic mothers - caudal regression syndrome or sa
Dysregulation of Multiple Facets of Glycogen Metabolism in a Murine Model of Pompe Disease
Kristin M. Taylor, Elizabeth Meyers, Michael Phipps, Priya S. Kishnani, Seng H. Cheng, Ronald K. Scheule, Rodney J. Moreland
PLOS ONE , 2013, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056181
Abstract: Pompe disease, also known as glycogen storage disease (GSD) type II, is caused by deficiency of lysosomal acid α-glucosidase (GAA). The resulting glycogen accumulation causes a spectrum of disease severity ranging from a rapidly progressive course that is typically fatal by 1 to 2 years of age to a slower progressive course that causes significant morbidity and early mortality in children and adults. The aim of this study is to better understand the biochemical consequences of glycogen accumulation in the Pompe mouse. We evaluated glycogen metabolism in heart, triceps, quadriceps, and liver from wild type and several strains of GAA？/？ mice. Unexpectedly, we observed that lysosomal glycogen storage correlated with a robust increase in factors that normally promote glycogen biosynthesis. The GAA？/？ mouse strains were found to have elevated glycogen synthase (GS), glycogenin, hexokinase, and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P, the allosteric activator of GS). Treating GAA？/？ mice with recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) led to a dramatic reduction in the levels of glycogen, GS, glycogenin, and G-6-P. Lysosomal glycogen storage also correlated with a dysregulation of phosphorylase, which normally breaks down cytoplasmic glycogen. Analysis of phosphorylase activity confirmed a previous report that, although phosphorylase protein levels are identical in muscle lysates from wild type and GAA？/？ mice, phosphorylase activity is suppressed in the GAA？/？ mice in the absence of AMP. This reduction in phosphorylase activity likely exacerbates lysosomal glycogen accumulation. If the dysregulation in glycogen metabolism observed in the mouse model of Pompe disease also occurs in Pompe patients, it may contribute to the observed broad spectrum of disease severity.
Assessing Pre-Service Teachers’ Soccer Offensive Game Performance Ability  [PDF]
Weiyun Chen, Kristin Hendricks
Advances in Physical Education (APE) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ape.2012.23021
Abstract: This study aimed to design and validate the Soccer Offensive Game Performance Instrument (SOGPI) that assessed pre-service teachers’ offensive game abilities in soccer. One investigator videotaped two 10-minute 3 vs. 3 soccer games played by twelve pre-service teachers at the end of a soccer unit. Two investigators independently coded 480 offensive game behaviors with the SOGPI. The results of t-tests indicated that the SOGPI was a valid instrument to differentiate the players’ overall game performance and individual game components between the novice and the experience groups. The results of the inter-rater reliability indicated that the SOGPI was a reliable instrument to assess pre-service teachers’ offensive game abilities in soccer.
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